A collage of images and data featuring the ASTRO-H, a Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite that experienced a catastrophic event on March 26, 2016

OSCOM is a highly portable system and can be fully deployed with an hour or two of setup time in the field. This capability enables multi-point simultaneous observations if the manpower and equipment are available. The total system cost is less than $10K and is thus feasible. The system’s capability was showcased by doing observations of Hitomi debris from two locations simultaneously. Hitomi, also known as ASTRO-H, was a Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite that experienced a catastrophic event on March 26, 2016. Shortly after, the U.S. JSpOC reported several pieces of debris from the breakup. The brightness of the main piece, peaking between magnitude 2 and 3 in the SDSS r’ band, allowed photometric measurements to be made at over 100 Hz for several passes of the satellite over the span of a month. Shown above is an eight-second duration when Hitomi was observed simultaneously from two sites 180 miles apart to provide two different look angles at the tumbling satellite. The flight path modeled in AGI STK is shown below. The data shown above is when the satellite was towards the southeast from Daytona and towards the east-northeast of Palm Beach. Note that as the two sites have a different look angle, the overall photometry output is different, and yet the high cadence measurements show a consistent flash pattern with a primary period of about 2.6 seconds. It is conceivable that such simultaneous multi-point measurements can aid in faster attitude determination of the resident space object if its configuration and geometry were known a-priori. Further details of the effort can be found in our peer-reviewed paper in Sensors journal, "Multi-Site Simultaneous Time-Resolved Photometry With a Low-Cost Electro-Optics System."

A diagram showcasing the flight path modeled in AGI STK. The data shown is when the satellite was towards south-east from Daytona and towards east-north-east of Palm Beach

The video below is an example of OSCOM assets (11″ Celestron Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrograph and Manta G-235 camera) tracking Hitomi’s debris K. For this particular pass, a full-frame capture was done. You can see stars streak by as the debris flashes periodically. The second video is for the main Hitomi body, for which a sub-frame capture from the camera was performed. As a side effect, the video below does not have any stars streaking by, but the high frame rate — over 100 fps — allows for significantly more points in photometry output.